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为什么曲轴不使用滚珠轴承？

Why don’t they use ballbearings on crankshafts? The main reasons for using plain bearings instead of rolling bearings for engine crankshafts include the following:

摩擦和润滑：发动机曲轴的高速运转要求使用轴承来减少摩擦和阻力。滚动轴承通过滚珠或滚子减少摩擦，而滑动轴承则通过油膜隔离两个金属表面来减少硬摩擦，从而降低磨损和噪音。

噪音和振动：轴瓦和曲轴之间的接触面积大，平均压力高，油膜的存在使运行更平稳，噪音和振动更小。相比之下，滚动轴承在运动时产生的噪音和振动更大。

安装和维护：滑动轴承易于安装，占用空间小，有利于减小发动机的体积。此外，滑动轴承在轴向有较大的自由度，能够适应曲轴受热膨胀时的位移，从而减少热膨胀造成的损坏。

Heat dissipation and stability: Plain bearings have a large contact area, which is conducive to rapid heat dissipation and improves the stability of engine operation. In contrast, rolling bearings are susceptible to damage under high loads and harsh environments.

成本和维护：虽然滑动轴承的初始成本可能较高，但其维护成本较低，而且在高温、高冲击环境下的使用寿命更长，减少了频繁更换轴承的需要。

In summary, ballbearings on crankshafts engine crankshafts use plain bearings rather than rolling bearings, mainly to reduce friction, reduce noise, facilitate installation and maintenance, and improve stability and heat dissipation efficiency.